As you might know, I enjoy sippin' with my surfin'.  I have a few favorites but I like to experiment.  Patty ordered some stuff as a result of some email spam and I decided to jot down a few notes while I sip-n-surf.  I hear others talk about wine and I get green as they describe the subtleties of their favorites and faults of the dogs.   We all know what we like and dislike so I'm composing a review of the grapettes that pass my way.
Here then are a few thoughts ....

 

Wine Access Direct

(Most recent on top.)

click on pictures to enlarge them..

     
Summerfield   2006

Now THIS one is a keeper - and for $4, I'm going to keep a few on hand to help wash down some of the swill I come across while tasting the many offerings at our new wine store, Total Wine.
 
 

Top Rated Wines at Total Wine.

Amon-Ra  Shiraz Barossa Valley 2006
Red Wine: 3 ratings, avg. 5.0 $74.99

Castello Banfi  Brunello Di Montalcino 
Red Wine: 3 ratings, avg. 5.0 $53.99

Caymus Vineyards  Conundrum California 2006
White Wine: 4 ratings, avg. 5.0 $21.99

Chateau D'Yquem  Sauternes 1997
Sweet Wine: 3 ratings, avg. 5.0 $145.99

Chateau Lafite Rothschild  Pauillac 1998
Red Wine: 9 ratings, avg. 5.0 $599.99

Buffalo Grove 2005

This is a pretty good $5 bottle as well.  It is very flavorful but has little smoke or oak taste to it.

 

 

Cruze Alta 2005

This was an OK choice, but for 10 $ I expected a little more.  The texture was rather 'shallow' and 'thin' although quite tasty.  There was very little Oak and Smoke - now that I think of it, don't bother.
 

   2006

This is a pretty decent wine for $5.   It's very  fruity (black raspberry mostly)  but is pretty tasty all in all.   I got a bunch of the "wallet friendly" mixes.  I'll let you know how they turned out soon.  
 
 

Maison Nicolas 2006

This is pretty good for a $5 bottle.   There are lots of berry things going on but very little oak or smoke.  It is probably a stainless steel creation.

Trinitas 2004


I ordered this from an online place called Wine Access Direct.  I signed up and get regular emails - this was an offer as their  most popularly ordered wine last year.   It has a very subtle taste that keeps lingering on urging you to have more.  It is a very smooth swish with very little bite and just stays smooth as silk through the whole bottle.  Luckily, I bought 12. !!!

The pictures enlarge to you can read their take.
 

 

Tupungato 2004

My neighbor who works at Total Wine gave me this one.   I asked for a full bodied, robust, heavy oaked and smoked red that I could chew.  This wine was created for JUST that set of requirements.  This was 'robust' to the point that I could not drink the whole bottle in one setting - a rarity for me.

These pictures also enlarge when clicked.



 

PHEBUS    2006

Phebus is as advertised, "A big, robust, spicy wine from Argentina's most famous grape variety."   This one goes down very smoothly with nary a hint of anything harsh or naughty.  Anything you might be able to identify as standing out is cleverly hidden in the blend of flavors all of which you can identify but not brag about.  The swish is tasteless   but the afterglow is wonderful albeit subdued.  By the time you identify what's going on with Phebus, you will be looking around to see who swilled that whole bottle while you were enjoying a few sips.  A great re-do and a case of this 9$ a bottle is definitely on my to-do list.
  Angeline

The secret here is "Sonoma County".
We had this new store move to town called "Total Wine".  Turns out the lady who moved into the house next to mine works there.  I was touring their GRAND OPENING and heard this cheery "Hi Neighbor" from behind me.  I told her I liked rich full bodied reds and especially those from Sonoma county.  She agreed that there are no bad wines from Sonoma county - and - she's RIGHT!

This is a real soft, smooth, rich, smoky, oaky red that really swishes smoothly and lingers tartly with a sweet/sour afterglow.  There's almost a slight corn husk or sour green grape or rhubarb after taste that disappears very quickly drifting into a rich chocolaty plumb flavor.  I will definitely be buying more of this $12 beauty.

(Good choice Jessica.)

Costa do Pombal 2003
Red Wine - Vinho Tinto  ROURO
Denominaqũo de Origem Controlada
(If you understand this - please inform.)
Produced and Estate bottled by
VALLEGRE, Vinhos do Porto, SA - Pinhão
PRODUCT OF PORTUGAL

 

I think this is a TRADER JOE entree that is frankly Pretty Darned Good.  I can taste some berries and cherries and smoke and chocolate and coffee (can you believe all these tastes together are considered GOOD?)  dahh da dahh da dahh... but there's something else going on that's hard to discern.  [  WOW a close one - I almost burned my mushrooms I'm sautéing  -  Steaks, Mushrooms and Vino  and of course friends on the internet - life just doesn't get much better.] 

OK switching wines to CK Mondovi   -->

 

 

  CK Mondovi
 

This is kind of a 'pale brother' (AKA Crackli' Rosie' du Jour) to the afore mentioned Costa do Pambal 2003.    We still have some berries and smoke BUT a lot of the basement or 'infrastructure' is missing.  We expect to have our palate tickled as so many POSH vinos are wont to do, but alas, we are left smacking a flat palate like stepping down from the Grand Princess Ball to the after hours employee night-fever swaree with all the free Thunderbird and Ripple you can hold.   Sure there's bad news BUT the high point is that we know the queen personally, and we can elevate our current squeeze to the level we expect by simply imagining we are Swaying with Snow White herself.....  'cuz, we bin there, -  an' we like it. !!  (OK, Sway with the ol' guy.)

TRELLIS
Cabernet Sauvignon


This is from Trader Joe's and is REALLY REALLY good.   There are a lot of things going on in there.
The price is only 5$
I need a case of this stuff.

 

Don't waste your time on this swill. It won't make you ill but you will go unthrilled. This stuff is too plain, too common - to ordinary. Skip this and enjoy a good vodka martini instead.

Joya 2001

This is really a great wine.  I bought it on a whim from TRADER JOE's on the sole fact that it was made in Sonoma County.  I'm here to tell you, Sonoma County is THE place to make wine.

  Joya
Sonoma County Red


Try this one - it is really nice....

Trust Me !!

Lewinsbrook Shiraz 2001


This is a very flavorful one with lots of cherry and smoke flavors.
I think this was bought locally for around 10$.

 
Have you ever heard the phrase,

"It's so good it makes your tongue wanna slap your brains out?"

This one comes real close!

Simunye 2004

Wow, another keeper from South Africa.  This gem is really rich and full of flavors we know and love to find in a 'buxom' brew.  The berries are great but they do not dominate, the smoke is very full yet gentle on the palate, (don't ask me how - I just drink them, it's like jumbo shrimp or maximum minimum) and the very subtle chocolate-vanilla-coffee blend of tastes is out of this world.  How the heck do they get all those flavors out of grapes anyway?

 
 
Black Opal 2003

Now THIS is one for which I have been looking.  (Gotta keep Ma happy.)
This is just full of berries, smoke, oak and all sorts of tasty little  things.
 
I got this at Costco and two bottles were plastic wrapped together in a pair.
Very good stuff - definitely a 'do over'.

 

 


This one wasn't too bad but it pales in comparison to the Black Opal above.
 
Yeah, I know, it's hard to read.  It is getting all the attention here that it needs.
If this is all you can find, you won't be disappointed but it is definitely not at the top of any list of which I am aware.

 


DE SALINE   PINOT NOIR

This is my first try at a plain pinot noir without being blended with a Merlot or Cabernet.  This was really quite smooth and is definitely the tart or sour taste common in most blends I have tried.

 


I enjoyed this one as a treat but I missed the berries
and oak smokey flavors I am used to.  


Koonunga  Hill  Shiraz Cabernet
South Eastern Australia 2003

This is a real nice change from the last one.  This has a lot of berry and fruit things going on.  There's some smoke and possibly some chocolate flavors mixing in as well.  This one isn't nearly as sour as the Charing Cross Syrah described below, it's almost sweet by comparison.
 
 
This one is definitely a bit tart and makes me want ice cream unlike the Charing Cross which made me desire (and eat) chocolate.  Chocolate-coffee-cherry-mint  cough medicine.....how's that for a taste combination?  (do not operate heavy machinery  after consuming this one.

[The ice cream had chocolate in it - a double win.]
 

Ferrari Carano Merlot  2003 Sonoma County
All pictures here enlarge - RT Click - Save As..


Yummy, this is a good one.  It's a little on the sweet side but very full of plumb and black cherry flavors.   This starts out thick and seems to thicken as you swish it.  You can feel some intense flavor things going on while swishing but you can't really tell what they are until you swallow and feel the rush of fruit and smoky oak flavors fighting for control.  My wife thinks there's some cafe-mocha things going on but I don't taste any.  This one isn't quite as 'busy' as some I've tasted but what you get is really nice.

 

Charing Cross Syrah
Paso Robles 2003


This one has a little bit of bitter in it like an unripe grape or like when you eat water melon too close to the rind.  I tried on two different days to find something interesting to say about this one but nothing meaningful ever came to mind.  It's really pretty plain, a bit sour, has some oak and smoke highlights but just nothing that sticks out as memorable if you know what I mean.

Oh well, there's always tomorrow.
 

THORNHILL  2003 MERLOT
San Luis Obispo County

OOOHHH BABY...
Grab Your Taste buds for this one, this is a smooth one.  Have you ever had Canadian Club blended whisky?  It blends out all the harsh tones you get in some of the 'virgin'  thoroughbreds. The tastes are really subtle here - it's a good thing I have two bottles.  There are some faint berry and smoky things going on, but they fade very quickly.  They fade so quickly, I can hardly tell what they are, they are definitely smoky, oaky berries though so I will pursue.  What a cheap trick to get me to drink more.!  The fade is cleverly cloaked in the 13.9% alcohol buzz but isn't completely unidentifiable.  There are some tart sour berries in  here, possibly black raspberry or dark red cherry muted with the tang of a lemon or lime.  The sour is a green type of sour like maybe a very young purple grape which is green on the vine when tasted. (yes - we had purple grape vines in our [Michigan] back yard - and of course I bit them early - what kid wouldn't?  You're killin' me.)  That alcohol smoke afterglow sure does a plain city boy like me in with shameful ease and assurance.!
This is a keeper. 

 

 

RUFFINO     IL DUCALE
TOSCANA   2003


This is a very tasty red, with some  tart sour berries performing on a heavy oak and smoke stage.  The tang of  'Smarties' comes to mind first (they were Sweet-Tarts  when I was growing up) but without the real sweet follow through.  The Oak-smoke has a kind of green wood flavor (have you ever walked through the woods and cut a small green twig from a tree and chewed on it?) but not to the point where it offends or overwhelms.  This one's tart after taste almost overwhelms the berry and fruit foreground you think is going to develop but never quite arrives.  That fruity / berry after taste is in the SDZ described below.   The cotton-cheeks you experience attest to the great alcohol level - be careful !

Alcohol = 13.5%

See www.ruffino.com

Gallo Sonoma Reserve  2003
Cabernet Sauvignon


Oh Yeah, Baby!!
This is a lot like the 7 Deadly Zins next door except there is no trace of berries, fruit, or dark cherries.  There IS however, a real alcohol cheek-numbing thing going on masked cleverly with oak smoke and something 'green' like water melon rinds or VERY green grapes.  Are you familiar with the pucker you get from really 'green' purple grapes right off the vine, how  about green apples off a  crab-apple tree (yes, I have tasted both)?  Soak those in Everclear, add some ripe purple grapes, sour red ( apple pie)  cherries, menthol, and wintergreen strips like mint Listerine and you are 90% on the way to this beauty.  The SDZ next door is better... what can I say..?
This was about $10 at Costco.

   

 
7 DEADLY ZINS
LODI APPELLATION

ZINFANDEL - 2004


 This one is very fruity - mostly plumb and dark cherry I think.   OK, this is my last shot - well at least until I buy some more.  I put half a bottle away for a few days (unfortunately my  spouse gets ill every time she sips red wine - aaawwww) and I really tasted plumbs and dark red cherries upon  second-sipping.  This stuff is really 'meaty' and deep in fruity flavors.  I'll definitely do this one again and fill in any blanks.  This one I bought at Costco for $12.88 I think.  Well worth the price.

Turning Leaf
2004   Reserve
Cabernet Sauvignon
California

This used to come in two varieties, white label and gold label - that were about 1 dollar different in price.  The gold label was definitely worth the extra buck and now it almost seems like they have blended the two into this 2004 vintage.  It's not bad, don't get me wrong, it just isn't quite up to the older gold label.  This is still very fruity and smoky as I remember but just not quite as 'full' as I thought it might be.  The label brags of 'deep dark fruit complimented by hints of spice, vanilla, and oak'.  While all that is true to a certain extent, it just isn't full like the BIONDI or SIMUNYE described below.  This is a good 9$ choice from Fry's - you won't be disappointed.

9/30/06  

 
ROBERT    MONDAVI
PRIVATE   SELECTION - 2004
CABERNET    SAUVIGNON

Well now.   This is a real treat for my poor abused tastebuds.   The  alcohol content is 13.5% which is nothing to sneeze at - unless of course you are alergic to good hooch, and the smokey-oakey taste is very heavy.  If you don't like oakey-smokey, don't even try this one.   The swish will pucker you up like a sun dried prune and the after glow is very heavy in berry smoke.  I can't even tell which berries they are, but after a score of swishes - I don't even care.  This was $7.99 at Albertsons with a 2$ off coupon so I just couldn't resist.  The after-taste is so dry, you couldn't spit if you had to - and the smoked berries taste wonderful.  Boy, it just doesn't get much better than this - don't waste your money on some fancy brand name with this stem-cell of the purrfect vino waiting to sooth you into a sweet and ultimate vino submission.
 
BIONDI
PETITE SIRAH
California 2003

THIS is a real 'do-over' for sure.  It is just FULL of berry and fruity flavors that really fill your buds with a tingling blast from the fruit trees.  There are fruits that when processed in this manner, produce flavors of chocolate, vanilla, and coffee.  I don't know how they do it BUT this wine is a real palate pleaser.   I definitely taste blueberries, black berries and a rich sweetie like plumb or apricot. What a treat this wine is.

From the back label..
The resurgence of this classic California and Rhone varietal has been quite a phenomena.  We have been working with Petite Sirah for over a decade but this is our first bottling of a "stands alone" Petite.  In keeping with the Biondi style of wines - varietally distinctive, fruit-forward, and ready to enjoy upon release - our inaugural offering showcases the deep black fruits, the full-bodied robustness, and the meaty chewiness characteristic of classic petite.  Enjoy"

Enjoy for sure - this is a keeper!!!

 
LINDAVISTA 2000
CABERNET SAUVIGNON
MAIPO VALLEY

Well,... you know... I like wine and all, BUT this just seems like it was a valiant effort by an enthusiastic apprentice.  A lot of tastes are here but there's a background tang of what I believe is tannin.  That's the bitter foundation you get with some wines that are mass produced or over fermented or something.  Evidently tannin is introduced on purpose to help 'clarify' and help 'settle' the sediment in the brew.   (I'm thinking a centrifuge could accomplish the same task without introducing the down side of inviting the vinegar family to the mix.  I believe that Tannin and vinegar are close cousins.  I'll study up on this and file a report later.)  Don't get me wrong, I like a little 'zing' to my fruit and I love vinegar in the right setting -   wine just isn't that setting. 

On the plus side - I've had worse!.

Nobili Terre A Montefioralle
(The name above is a link.)

Toscana Vendemmia 2003

This isn't vinegar but I believe someone might have kept some in this bottle before it was used for this wine.  It's a subtle aftertaste but it does linger after the first mildly pleasant but tart grape and smoky berry flavor fades.  The taste is completely gone in about 30 to 60 seconds and you find yourself wondering what that strange mix was.

This was in a case of 12 bottles we got in the mail as part of our 'membership' in wine delivery program.  This is the case that sat outside in the 110 degree Arizona heat for a day or two.  Possibly that explains the less than repeat performance of this swill from Chianti Italy.

Imported by Lionstone International, 

Lake Forrest, Illinois

 
Simunye 2004

Wine of South Africa

OK, we have a keeper this time.  It 's probably not fair that I'm about 350ml in to this bottle as I write because now I can't real accurately describe the aroma like I could have an hour ago.  This beauty is full of berries and oak-smoke to say the least.  As I swish, I don't really get any flavor info going on after the first hint of a coming berry blast, just the gradual tingling and jingling of my taste buds getting pickled at 14.5%.  NOW the real treat is when you let go and swallow - the mix of berries and oak-smoke really lets loose and fills your whole oral and nasal cavities.   The wonderful flavor mix stays present for about 15 seconds as it morphs into the various berries -boysen and black and finishes with the toasted smoke.  You don't have to chew this one but it sure feels like you could.

I found the words on the bottle amusing...;

Simunye is an African term meaning "We are one", and is symbolic of the spirit of unity that defines the people of south Africa.  This same essence is captured in the harmonious blend of classic red varieties that distinguishes this wine.  Voluptuous fruit flavours are balanced by judicious use of oak to create a wine that expresses Simuney... We are one.

Raven Ridge Merlot
2001 California
Patty ordered this from an eMail she got. $10
It's pretty dry but definately NOT sour or tanic in any way.  There is a lot of plum and berry overtone of some sort like blackberry or something else but it's very subtle and blends very nicely with the delightful oak background.   Swishing is very mild and gentle with that delicate alcoholic aftertaste that kisses you gently on your busy palate.  (that brings back sentimental highschool memories.)  The aftertaste fades quickly leaving that dry, puffy innercheek tingle we all love from our dry reds.  A litre slips by unnoticed.
Maybe $4 a glass out, profit=$1.50 / glass (%60)
Raven Ridge Vineyards, San Martin, CA    12%
 
Refreshing White
FRANZIA House Wine Favorites
This is a 5 litre box - cost 7.95
Well, this is just about what you might expect.  It isn't a gag or anything, but it's pretty dry and leaves you tomorrow wishing you had stuck with diet soda tonight, especially for the dumb comments you made (in front of all your buddies) because of it.  (The sweet/tart keeps you sucking until you can't walk - or maybe that's something else.)  It goes down ok, kind of a smartie flavor which can dupe you into drinking more.  (I always od on Smarties)  It's really OK, better than staying sober, - but watch out for the revenge.  (A little knot that sticks until noon - or dinner.) This is the $2.50 a glass stuff out in public.  Profit = ~$2.05 a glass.  (%455)
Franzia Vineyards, Ripon, CA    9%
White Grenache
FRANZIA House Wine Favorites
This is a 5 litre box - cost 7.95
This is the pink version of the Refreshing White above.  It's a little sweeter than the RW and has an interesting aftertaste.  There' a little tingle of alcohol coming out your nose that disappears quickly.  It's a fruity, semi sweet little vamp that slides down pretty smoothly.  After a few glasses, you notice your inner lips sticking to your teeth - just like the good stuff.  (Warning - this is the early warning sign of impending exuberent stupid behavior.)   If you can imagine the sterile backbone of a wine aged for days in stainless steel, this is it.  It isn't bad, it just isn't particularly good.  No oak taste, no berry or plum overtones, just sugared, fermented green grapes.     This is more of the $2.50 a glass stuff out in public.  Profit = ~$2.05 a glass.  (%455)
Franzia Vineyards, Ripon, CA    9%
 
POGGIOALTO 2001
SanGiovese Del Rubicone
eMail ordered at $10
This came with the Raven Ridge but isn't quite as smooth.  Not quite as deep red as Raven and a little tanic which is most noticable as an after taste.   Swishing is very nice with no bite at all and my cheeks recover quickly from the alcohol pucker it gives.  The legs are pretty weak and the clarity is sterile like a well strained, stainless steel lab petrie experiment.   There is no evidence of oak or berries and the nose is a mild grapey virgin.  One probably could drink the whole litre of this but it wouldn't be all that satisfying.  This is described as, "Ideal with a good tortellini,"  which is a good idea so you have the taste of something left in your mouth.  POG disappears as clean as Houdini in an English dungeon.
Product of Italy  11%
Lomas Del Castillo
Tempranillo
This little beauty came in the mail and is welcome anytime.  It's a deep, full bodied red with plenty of body.  It's a full enough flavor you wouldn't even expect it to be swishable - but it certainly is.  The treat really happens as you swallow after swishing and the toasted oak and berry flavors echo wonderfully out your olfactory orifice.  The tart little after burn is softened by a slightly musky taste blended with a rose like odor.  You are definitely out in the garden enjoying nature with this joyous taste treat.
 

I give it a 95.

"It's got a great beat AND you can dance to it"
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Product of Spain
Produced by Romeral Vinicola S.I.

 
 CANYON CREEK
RED TABLE WINE
2001 Bordeaux Blend
THE REGION: The California viticultural* area from which this wine's grapes come is the Central Valley also known to Califomians as the BigValley, the Great Central Valley, (most of interior Ca) or just the Valley. It is simply colossal in size, spanning over more than 35,000 square miles of relentlessly flat, sun-baked farmland sprawling as many as 70 miles wide.The grapes for this Canyon Creek Bordeaux Blend were grown on the western slopes of the Central Valley —where cool fogs creep over the mountain tops and descend upon the vines in the evening.
THE WINE:  In recent years it has become the fashion for the better wineries in California to produce "Bordeaux Blends"**—wines typically made with the varietals most associated with Bordeaux: Merlot.  Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc, often with small amounts of Malbec and Petit Verdot blended in. Typified by concentrated flavors of red fruits, firm tannins and great structure, these wines are sought by the most discerning consumers arid collectors willing to pay more than $1,O0O per bottle for  California cult wines!  Having secured excellent fruit, David Coleman, owner of Canyon Creek (click the link at the bottom), set out to make his "affordable" Bordeaux Blend. The result is a rich and heady wine with concentrated fruits, notably ripe plum, black cherry and red currant, underscored with an earthy; leathery accent. On the palate this wine is concentrated and rich with a velvety texture, firm tannins***and a lingering finish. 
THE PRODUCER: Canyon Creek was created by David Coleman, owner of the famed Adler Fels Winery ****, to produce Bordeaux Blends at a reasonable price. Asked about Canyon Creek. Dave said, "If I've learned anything in the last 22 years of making wine, it's that 90 percent of the time a blended wine is better than the single varietal wine." 
SERVING: Serve the Canyon Creek Bordeaux Blend with grilled and roasted meats, duck and strong cheeses.
MY OPINION:  This is really good wine.  The deep, rich, fruity, tart taste stays on your palate long after you sip.  It's almost creamy as you 'swish' but turns back to dry red as you swallow.  Your inner lips get that chalky, puffy feeling showing you you have a really good sipper here.   The legs are great and the oak, fruit, tart after glow will keep you coming back for the whole 750.
Canyon Creek Cellars, Santa Rosa Ca    12.5%

*  the cultivation or culture of grapes especially for wine making
**  $75 a bottle - probably NOT !!!
*** Funny how we 'treat' ourselves to luxuries like tannins and botox
****  Anti-climactic at the least...

 Koongarra 2001 Merlot
Very nice - fruity (berries) and quite oaky.  This is a keeper as it slid down like velvet and had a wonderful aftertaste.

Imporetd by: 
Lionstone International
13801 W. Laurel Drive
Lake Forrest,
Ill, 60045
Riverwood Vineyard
P.O.Box 148
Cessnock NSW 2325

Produce of Australia
Actual Order Product here

 
 Coming Soon
My Fav - Sonoma Valley Cabernet Savgion
Deep red with a megafull body.
Yum.
     
   
     

 
 
 

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tannin

also called  Tannic Acid,   any of a group of pale-yellow to light-brown amorphous substances in the form of powder, flakes, or a spongy mass, widely distributed in plants and used chiefly in tanning leather, dyeing fabric, making ink, and in various medical applications. Tannin solutions are acid and have an astringent taste. Tannin is responsible for the astringency, colour, and some of the flavour in tea. Tannins occur normally in the roots, wood, bark, leaves, and fruit of many plants, particularly in the bark of oak species and in sumac and myrobalan. They also occur in galls, pathological growths resulting from insect attacks.

 
In addition to their principal applications in leather manufacture and dyeing, tannins are used in the clarification of wine and beer, as a constituent to reduce viscosity of drilling mud for oil wells, and in boiler water to prevent scale formation. Because of its styptic and astringent properties, tannin has been used to treat tonsillitis, pharyngitis, hemorrhoids, and skin eruptions; it has been administered internally to check diarrhea and intestinal bleeding and as an antidote for metallic, alkaloidal, and glycosidic poisons, with which it forms insoluble precipitates. Soluble in water, tannins form dark blue or dark green solutions with iron salts, a property utilized in the manufacture of ink.

Tannins may be classified chemically into two main groups, hydrolyzable and condensed. Hydrolyzable tannins (decomposable in water, with which they react to form other substances), yield various water-soluble products, such as gallic acid and protocatechuic acid and sugars. Gallotannin, or common tannic acid, is the best known of the hydrolyzable tannins. It is produced by extraction with water or organic solvents from Turkish or Chinese nutgall. Tara, the pod from Caesalpinia spinosa, a plant indigenous to Peru, contains a gallotannin similar to that from galls and has become an important source for refined tannin and gallic acid. The European chestnut tree (principally Castanea sativa) and the American chestnut oak (Quercus prinus) yield hydrolyzable tannins important in leather manufacture. Condensed tannins, the larger group, form insoluble precipitates called tanner's reds, or phlobaphenes. Among the important condensed tannins are the extracts from the wood or bark of quebracho, mangrove, and wattle.

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